Sequence stratigraphy and characterization of carbonate reservoirs. Carbonate systems sequence stratigraphy emery wiley. Stratigraphic controls on facies distribution in carbonates. In contrast, traditional photozoan carbonate models predict aggradation or progradation near highstand. The data suggest a marine bioclastic source of the carbonate from surrounding beds as the origin of the blocky calcite cement. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic systems dr. Carbonate factories, the organic factor, and sequence stratigraphy 1 thu 02012018 characteristics of carbonate sequences and systems tracts 2 sun 02042018 no lecture 2 thu 02082018 carbonate cyclicity and stratigraphic hierarchies in carbonates. Carbonates have several aspects that make their response to relative sealevel changes and the character of their sequence stratigraphic elements somewhat different. Member and represents a major sequence boundary sb2 separating it from the overlying triassic sediments of the rock canyon conglomerate and moenkopi formation. Wade, the basic nature of carbonate sediments and sedimentation, carbonate reservoirs porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework, 10. A regional sequence stratigraphic model for the kharaib and shuaiba formations barremian, aptian is proposed based on outcrop and subsurface transects in oman and the united arab emirates. The triassic carbonate succession exposed in the western balkanides is analyzed in terms of depositional evolution, sequence stratigraphy, sedimentation rate, environmental constraints, and biota.
Each type of unit is defined by specific facies relationships, stratal stacking pat terns, and bounding surfaces. Porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework volume 67 developments in sedimentology volume 67 moore, clyde h. Master thesis in geosciences 1 depositional environment, sequence stratigraphy and reservoir properties of an eocene mixed siliciclastic carbonate succession in the ainsa basin, southern pyrenees asfaw tenna woyessa. Loucks stratigraphic framework of productive carbonate buildups stephen m. Carbonate sequence stratigraphic techniques workshop looks into various porositypermeability modifications that can happen to a carbonate reservoir post. Sequence stratigraphy is jargonladen and typically presented in an overly complicated manner which turns many students off. Pdf on jan 1, 2009, jeroen kenter and others published getting started in carbonate sequence stratigraphy. Sequence stratigraphy after the demise of a highrelief. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy although most of this website focuses on shallowmarine siliciclastic systems, sequence analysis can be just as readily applied to carbonate systems.
Sequence stratigraphy of the mixed carbonatesiliciclastic. Lower and middle miocene carbonate facies in the central mediterranean. A compendium of influential papers find, read and cite all the research you need on. You will identify systems tracts and reconstruct carbonate platform morphologies through time using sequence stratigraphic correlations. Pdf getting started in carbonate sequence stratigraphy. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and its application to. Transgressiveregressive tr sequence parasequences sequences in fluvial systems. The problem can be as simple as a recorrelation to explain pressure miscommunication between wells, or as complex as predicting the distribution of sweet spots within an unconventional mixed carbonate siliciclastic succession. Posamentier exxon production research company houston, texas and p.
This textbook thoroughly develops fundamental concepts of sequence stratigraphy that links baselevel changes to sedimentary deposits. This becomes more important where the field has little or no core, poor seismic coverage, or where the stratigraphy is lithologically monotonous due to facies e. Those exposures are used in this course to relate carbonate depositional. Purchase of an open document does not constitute license for republication in any form, nor does it allow web posting without prior written permission. Stratigraphic patterns and cyclerelated diagenesis of upper yates formation, permian, guadalupe. The early to late eocene nisai formation, which is a mixed carbonatesiliciclastic system, is focused upon for its physical stratigraphy, sedimentary facies, depositional environments and biostratigraphy in order to outline the source rocks and reservoir facies within the sequence stratigraphic framework. Porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework. Changes in the composition of the rock, in this case isotopic. Condensation origin for neoproterozoic cap carbonates during. This books presents a state of the art of carbonate sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. Diagenesis and sequence stratigraphy have been formally treated as two independent disciplines in sedimentary geology.
The sepm research symposium for the 1997 aapgsepm annual meeting in dallas, texas, was organized around the theme advances in carbonate sequence stratigraphy application to reservoirs, outcrops and models. Weissel2 abstract using seismicreflection data and odp drilling results collected from broken ridge we examine the stratigraphic response of a. Vail riceuniversity, houston, texas it is important to establish the fundamental concepts of sequence stratigraphy and to define terminology critical for the communication of these concepts. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy cambridge carbonates. Stratigraphic evolution of oligocenemiocene carbonates and. Because of the overwhelming mass of information most reservoir geoscientists keep up with either some aspects of sequencestratigraphy, or some aspects of reservoir characterization, but typically not both. In simplest terms, slosss 1964 sequence stratigraphy was a tool to identify major unconformitybound packages e.
Principles of sequence stratigraphy provides an indepth coverage and impartial assessment of all current ideas and models in the field of sequence stratigraphy. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic systems. Sea level cycles and carbonate sequences aapg wiki. Published online by the canadian society of petroleum.
Seismic sequence stratigraphic analysis of the carbonate. Identification of reservoir facies within carbonate and. The top of the limestone might be the sequence break at a submarine. Carbonate strata differ fundamentally from siliciclastic strata and require their own set of sequence stratigraphic and facies models to aid in hydrocarbon exploration and reservoir development. Cecchi playmodels in the upper paleozoic upper bashkiriantatarian carbonate clastic succession of the barents sea are evaluated using sequence stratigraphy methods. Carroll, and martin shields abstract the oligocenemiocene of east java is characterized by multiple stages of isolated. Sequence stratigraphic concepts provide a means to classify, correlate, and map sedimentary rocks using time stratigraphic units. Although the fundamental aspects of the siliciclastic sequence model are reasonably applicable to many carbonate sequences handford and loucks, 1993, the developments of the carbonate sequence stratigraphic features are quite different between the depositional environments of the carbonate platform foreslope and offshore carbonate buildups. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and application to petroleum. However, the sequence stratigraphic interpretation of carbonate systems still has significant limitations, related to the capability of some carbonate platforms to produce sediment in situ, at a rate that is influenced by oceanographic and climatic parameters more than by sealevel change schlager, 1991, schlager, 1993, schlager et al.
The unexplored sediments of the pishin frontier basin of pakistan deserves a sequence stratigraphic approach as a firsthand exploration tool. Carbonate and shale petrology services applied stratigraphix. This lab is a simple and straightforward introduction to sequence stratigraphic interpretations of a carbonate platform using a combination of facies analysis, facies correlations, hand samples, thin sections, and is followed up by students reconstructing the platform profile at specific time intervals during sequence development to detect and. Alongside 3d seismic, longreach horizontal drilling and the application of plate tectonics to exploration, sequence stratigraphy has been one of the greatest scientific advances within the petroleum geology industry of the last 50 years. The mountains of west texas and southeast new mexico contain worldclass exposures of carbonate shelf to basin systems with little or no structural deformation. Sequence stratigraphy and characterization of carbonate. This course examines the processes leading to the formation and accumulation of carbonate rocks and how sequence stratigraphy provides a predictive method to understand the formation of carbonate reservoirs. Heterozoan carbonate lithofacies and sequence stratigraphy.
Carbonate sequence stratigraphy introduction this lab introduces you to carbonate sequence stratigraphy using knowledge from lecture, thin sections, hand samples, facies analysis, and facies correlations. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and field examples. Sequence stratigraphy of the great american carbonate bank william a. Derived from the 1991 research symposium on carbonate sequence stratigraphy, the authors have brought together in one volume a representative sampling of pivotal research in this important topic. Sequence stratigraphy and architecture of a late early. Stratigraphic controls on facies distribution in carbonates carbonate sediments and stratigraphy reflect interactions among paleotopography, sealevel change, climate, productivity, and age. The sequence stratigraphy is currently, on the one hand, a leading approach in the study of the internal structure of sedimentary basins, on the other hand, a creatively developing discipline, the. Sequence stratigraphy, based on sedimentary response to changes in relative sea level gives the explorationist and the development geoscientist a powerful new predictive tool for regional basin analysis, shelf to basin correlation, and reservoir heterogeneity.
The sequence stratigraphic context of mixed carbonate. Lehmann the drowning succession in jurassic carbonates of the venetian alps, italy. A sequence stratigraphic framework may consist of three dif ferent types of sequence stratigraphic unit, namely sequenc es, systems tracts, and parasequences. Such withintrend facies contacts may be marked on a sequence stratigraphic crosssection only after the sequence stratigraphic framework has been constructed. This book attempts to communicate by combining different specialities and different lines of reasoning, and by searching for principles underlying the bewildering diversity of carbonate rocks.
Sequence stratigraphy training course petroskills sqs. A steering cube contains at every sample position the local dip and azimuth of the seismic events. Sequence stratigraphy of carbonate depositional systems. Stratigraphic evolution of oligocenemiocene carbonates and siliciclastics, east java basin, indonesia essam sharaf, j. Sea level cycles interact with subsidence, sedimentation rate, and climate to create the stratigraphy of carbonate sequences. This is a comprehensive course which has a lecture component and a workshop component.
The patterns of carbonate diagenesis are related to relative sealevel changes and climate, and various models are put forward placing the diagenesis into the context of sequence stratigraphy and. Cecchi playmodels in the upper paleozoic upper bashkiriantatarian carbonateclastic succession of the barents sea are evaluated using sequence stratigraphy methods. Carbonate reservoirs short course applied stratigraphix. Pdf carbonate sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy. We specialize in solving geologic problems encountered in the oil and gas and mining sector. The early to late eocene nisai formation, which is a mixed carbonatesiliciclastic system, is focused upon for its.
Sequence stratigraphy is a branch of geology that attempts to subdivide and link sedimentary deposits into unconformity bound units on a variety of scales and explain these stratigraphic units in terms of variations in sediment supply and variations in the rate of change in accommodation space relative sea level, the combination of eustatic sea level and tectonic subsidence. Sequence stratigraphy, a branch of sedimentary stratigraphy, uses the order strata accumulated in along with a framework of major depositional and erosional surfaces to interpret the depositional setting of clastic and carbonate sediments from continental, marginal marine, basin margins and downslope settings of basins. The model shows distinct variations in depositional. The aptian carbonate platforms of the maestrat basin. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and its control on reservoir distribution and quality, recognition of key surfaces in core, highstand shedding of carbonate platforms, effects of karstification, dissolution and leaching along subaerial unconformities, drowning unconformities type3 sequence boundaries and source rocks, variations in. Depending on specific company goals we can use these data to construct sequence stratigraphic models, depositional models, or characterize your reservoir in terms of porosity types. Combining these affords the prediction of the nature of sedimentary deposits at locations away from data control points. The cambrianordovician sauk megasequence of the great american carbonate bank gacb comprises a succession of mixed lithologies, but dominantly carbonate rocks, whose thickness, stratigraphy, and lithofacies distribution reflect the presence of a complex of intrabank platforms. Sequence stratigraphic concepts will be applied to examples from areas including. The finished product you will receive can be a wellillustrated report or a stratigraphic column with respective environments of deposition.
Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic. Sequence stratigraphy in carbonate and siliciclastic systems 10th 14th november 2014 at kuala lumpur, malaysia course overview case studies include. Interpret carbonate sequence stratigraphic patterns from outcrop, well log, and seismic data. It usually involves subdividing a sedimentary basin fill into individual sequence s of deposition hence the name, which can then be linked to changes in the two fundamental parameters of sediment supply and accommodation the amount of space available for deposition. Sequence stratigraphy of the great american carbonate bank.
Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and application to. Local setting leonardian series rocks in the permian basin of west texas and new mexico were deposited on a welldeveloped array of shallowwater carbonate platforms and. Pdf highresolution sequence stratigraphic architecture. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and application to petroleum reservoirs. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy and application to petroleum reservoirs 4. Carbonate sequence stratigraphy university of georgia. Carbonate depositional sequences and systems tracts responses of carbonate platforms to relative sealevel changes c. The course emphasizes the development of interpretive skills and being able to define original sequence stratigraphic models for both regional and reservoir scale carbonate accumulations. Sequence stratigraphy carbonate platforms sealevel changes aptian iberian chain spain the attributes of a foursystemstract sequence are at times dif. Porosity and diagenesis in a sequence stratigraphic framework volume 67 developments in sedimentology volume 67. It presents potential pitfalls involving classic geometric expressions used in the interpretation of. Shalemud dominated carbonate, porous carbonate and tight massive carbonate were discriminated on the basis of attribute and impedance. In these cases we have extensive experience of undertaking fieldwide studies using logdefined facies and sequence stratigraphic schemes, from which. Aapgdatapages getting started in is the reprint compilation series designed by the aapg editorial board that provides a quickstart overview to help the worker in a new geographic area or someone trying to understand a new technology.
Sequence stratigraphy american association of petroleum. Systems tracts, models and application to the muschelkalk carbonate platforms of eastern spain chapter pdf available april 2009 with 1,364 reads. Modern sequence stratigraphy is a direct outgrowth of the concept of unconformity bound stratigraphic units as proposed by sloss 1964. The sequence stratigraphy of the carbonate sections is commonly determined from a combination of 2 and 3 d seismic data providing a comparatively low frequency resolution, well logs providing a comparatively high frequency resolution, cores providing very high frequency resolution and outcrops with best access to a combination of high frequency resolution and low frequency resolution. The bottom three represent facies contacts developed within systems tracts. Ashton embry for his work in making this series possible.
Chapter 9 summary of early diagenesis and porosity modification of carbonate reservoirs in a sequence stratigraphic and climatic framework clyde h. This lab is a simple and straightforward introduction to sequence stratigraphic interpretations of a carbonate platform using a combination of facies analysis, facies correlations, hand samples, thin sections, and is followed up by students reconstructing the platform. Sedimentologic and chemostratigraphic recognition of thirdorder sequences in resedimented carbonate. The topic of this course is the process of sequencestratigraphic interpretation and characterization of carbonate reservoirs. Sequence stratigraphic analysis of mixed, reefal carbonate and siliciclastic systems ashton f.
It was just recently documented that diagenetic alterations such as calcite and dolomite cementation might be distributed at sites coincident with sequence stratigraphic surfaces tucker, 1993. The educators carbonate sequence stratigraphic techniques. Reservoir and trap potential of area within bassein sequence are assessed as. Link to a page that lists some of the literature on the carbonate sedimentary record and how its sequence stratigraphic character varies in response to base level change, usually eustasy and gain access to. This online guide is primarily aimed at the application of sequence stratigraphy to outcrops. Practical sequence stratigraphy was originally published as a fifteenpart series in the canadian society of petroleum geologists monthly magazine, the reservoir, between may 2008 and september 2009. For heterozoan sequence 1, waterdepthsensitive facies formed retrogradational stacking patterns, and occurred late during relative sealevel rise near the highstand turnaround. The sequence stratigraphic interpretation system plugin is an addon to the horizoncube. This book, dedicated to carbonate rocks, approaches sequence stratigraphy from its sedimentologic background. The research team concentrates on characterizing fundamental controls on 3d packages of carbonate strata by isolating. Ssis supports full sequence stratigraphic analysis.
Sequence stratigraphy straddles the boundary between the two fields. The chart below lists five orders of sea level cycles and defines them by duration. As a result, none of the examples deal with topics related specifically to cores, well logs, or most significantly, seismic. Sequence stratigraphy shortcourse applied stratigraphix. Sequence stratigraphy allows an effective, systematic approach to stratigraphic trap exploration. Indonesia malaysia sumatra vietnam phillipines north america, the middle east, and europe.
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